Reasoning Levels of passive surveillance have increased recently. For example, many companies monitor their employees’ use of the Internet or of any campaign group activities that may have operational implications. State surveillance now processes huge amounts of information that is collected from a variety of sources to produce profiles of individuals and groups. There are now reportedly more closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras per head of the UK population than any other country in the world. Such a rapid expansion of CCTV surveillance in particular has raised questions about whether this is economically justifiable, whether one’s right to confidentiality is compromised and whether the public are in support of it. In public places it is harder to argue that video surveillance is an invasion of privacy. The sheer presence of CCTV cameras should deter some criminals when they know that police officers are surveying their actions. However, some criminologists claim that criminal activity is simply diverted elsewhere. CCTV footage may offer unbiased court evidence and so contribute towards keeping many criminals off the streets, but footage needs to be stored securely – even if most of what is filmed does not get to be seen

285. CCTV surveillance is an invasion of privacy

	(a) True
	(b) False
	(c) Cannot say
	(d)

286. Public security, CCTV costs and an individual’s right to privacy are three factors raised within the passage

	(a) True
	(b) False
	(c) Cannot say
	(d)

287. It is difficult to justify CCTV surveillance if most of the footage remains unseen

	(a) True
	(b) False
	(c) Cannot say
	(d)

288. The public’s main concerns about increases in surveillance have been around CCTV

	(a) True
	(b) False
	(c) Cannot say
	(d)

289. Passive surveillance refers only to company monitoring of Internet usage

	(a) True
	(b) False
	(c) Cannot say
	(d)

290. Anticarp activists have demanded more drastic measures of carp control in the US Supreme Court

	(a) True
	(b) False
	(c) Cannot say
	(d)

291. Heavy flooding in the 1970s resulted in Asian carp proliferating in the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers

	(a) True
	(b) False
	(c) Cannot say
	(d)

292. Environmentalists believe that Asian carp would damage the Great Lakes’ ecosystem by preying on native salmon

	(a) True
	(b) False
	(c) Cannot say
	(d)

TOTAL

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