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Passage Reading and English Comprehension
(a) the introduction to a larger work on the history of Appalachia
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(b) the conclusion to a study on the links between coal mining and health problems
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(c) a chapter of a coal miner’s autobiography
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(d) a section providing supporting evidence in a larger work on MTR
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1458. As used in paragraph 1, which is the best antonym for vigilant?
(a) cowardly
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(b) frustrated
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(c) displeased
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(d) careless
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1459. Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that the author
(a) used to be employed by an MTR company, but left because he or she was frustrated with its
environmental practices
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(b) is more concerned about the environment than he or she is about human lives
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(c) believes that MTR companies care little for the environment or for the Appalachian community
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(d) works for an environmental protection group or agency
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1460. Which of the following statements from the passage represents an opinion, as opposed to a fact?
(a) “Although the mining companies have built structures known as ‘sludge dams’ that are intended
to contain the toxic runoff, these dams can burst or leak, sending thousands of gallons of toxic
chemicals into municipal drinking water.”
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(b) “However, instead of bringing jobs and prosperity to poor Appalachian communities, MTR
companies actually bring destruction and poverty.”
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(c) “The overburden contains a variety of toxic substances, including explosive residue, silica, and
coal dust.”
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(d) “While the coal companies may make enormous profits from MTR, Appalachian communities
located near the mines suffer increased rates of kidney cancer, brain cancer, lung cancer, chronic
pulmonary disorders, hypertension, and vision problems.”
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1461. In paragraph 1, the author mentions Lespedeza cuneata in order to
(a) provide an example of the natural vegetation that grew on the mountains before MTR companies
cleared the forests
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(b) identify one type of plant that is likely to flourish on the newly-blasted mountaintops
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(c) justify the reasoning behind the MTR companies’ decision to plant a non-native species where
the forests once were
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(d) argue that the MTR companies are more interested in saving money than addressing the damage
they have caused to the environment
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1462. According to the passage, the way in which MTR companies dispose of the overburden is hazardous because
I. the mining companies continue extracting coal from the overburden, thus putting additional
pressure on the environment
II. the sludge dams are not a failsafe containment system
III. MTR companies often dump toxic waste directly into the municipal water supply
(a) l only
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(b) II only
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(c) I and II only
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(d) II and III only
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1463. Which piece of evidence, if true, would best strengthen the author’s argument in the final paragraph?
(a) Mining counties in West Virginia are some of the poorest in the nation
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(b) Less than 8% of the coal produced in the United States of America comes from MTR operations
in the Appalachian Mountains. More than 400 mountaintops in Appalachia have been destroyed
for this coal
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(c) MTR is a wholly unsustainable process; the reserves of coal located in the Appalachian
Mountains will likely last less than 20 more years
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(d) The Appalachian forests are home to one of the highest concentrations of biodiversity in North
America; animals that call Appalachia home include flying squirrels, freshwater mussels, and
more different types of salamanders than can be found in one place anywhere else on earth
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TOTAL
Detailed Solution
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